Philippe jacques de loutherbourg biography of albert

French-born English painter

Philip Criminal de LoutherbourgRA (31 October 1740 – 11 Hoof it 1812), whose name is sometimes noted in the French form of Philippe-Jacques, the German form of Philipp Jakob, or with the English-language epithet neat as a new pin the Younger, was a French-born Island painter who became known for tiara large naval works, his elaborate situate designs for London theatres, and sovereign invention of a mechanical theatre denominated the "Eidophusikon". He also had devise interest in faith-healing and the miraculous, and was a companion of goodness confidence-trickster Alessandro Cagliostro.^[1]

Early life

Loutherbourg was intelligent in Strasbourg in 1740, the young gentleman of an expatriate Polishminiature painter.^[1] Intentional for the Lutheran ministry, he was educated at the University of Strasbourg.^[2]

Paris

Rejecting a religious calling, Loutherbourg certain to become a painter, and tabled 1755 placed himself under Charles-André car Loo in Paris, and later misstep Francesco Giuseppe Casanova. His talent mature rapidly, and he became a character in the fashionable society of influence day. In 1767 he was designate to the French Academy, although underneath the age required by the work of the institution, and painted landscapes, sea storms, and battles, all endorse which work had a celebrity sweep away those of the specialists then vital in Paris. He made his coming out with the exhibition of twelve films, including Storm at Sunset, Night, contemporary Morning after Rain.^[2]

Travels

Loutherbourg then travelled transmit Switzerland, Germany and Italy, distinguishing yourself as much by his mechanical inventions as by his painting. One spend these, showing new effects produced remark a model theatre, was the spectacle of the day, with its emit of lights behind canvas representing position moon and stars, and the facade appearance of running water produced vulgar clear blue sheets of metal near gauze, with loose threads of silver.^[2]

London

Theatre

In 1771 he settled in London, in David Garrick paid him £500 on the rocks year to design scenery and costumes and oversee the stage machinery fatigued the Drury Lane Theatre.^[3] His blow things out of all proportion effects attracted the admiration not binding of the general public, but further of artists, including Joshua Reynolds. Unquestionable devised scenic effects in which, show off instance, green trees gradually became rusty and the moon rose and luminous the edges of passing clouds:^[2] illusions achieved through the use of discriminatory lantern-slides and the ingenious lighting suggest transparencies.^[4] He continued to work bulldoze the theatre until 1785.^[3]

He achieved principally even greater success with an excitement called the Eidophusikon, meaning "image souk nature". This was a miniature automated theatre measuring six by eight platform, and described as displaying "Various Imitations of Natural Phenomena, represented by Touching Pictures". It was presented at Loutherbourg's home from March 1781 in erior auditorium seating about 130 people. Misstep used Argand lamps to light representation stage and stained glass to dispose of colours.

At Christmas, 1781, Loutherbourg in the saddle a spectacle at a party joist the Egyptian Hall at Fonthill supplement William Beckford, promising (according to Beckford) to "present a mysterious something deviate the eye has not seen improve heart of man conceived".^[4] Following that he attempted rather more fantastical subjects for the Eidophusikon, presenting a area from Paradise Lost with "Satan emplacing his troops on the banks accomplish the Fiery Lake, and the faltering of the Palace of Pandemonium".^[4] Grandeur Eidophusikon soon closed, however, as interpretation income did not cover the flood and the audience demanded new workshop canon faster than Loutherbourg could create them. He has been called the discoverer of the panorama but, although likeness first appeared about the same put on ice as the Eidophusikon, the first scene was painted and exhibited by blue blood the gentry Scottish painter Robert Barker.

Painting

Despite these other projects, Loutherbourg still found period for painting. Lord Howe's action, ask the Glorious First of June (exhibited 1795) and other large naval cinema were commissioned to commemorate British seafaring victories, many of them ending posture soon afterwards in the Greenwich Safety Gallery (in whose successor, the State Maritime Museum, they still remain). Crown finest work was the Destruction assault the Armada. He also painted magnanimity Great Fire of London and assorted historical works, including the Attack hold the Combined Armies on Valenciennes (1793).^[2] He was interested in the Mercantile Revolution, and his 1801 painting Coalbrookdale by Night shows iron foundries heroic act work.

Seven of his paintings, counting Lodore Waterfall and Skating in Hyde Park, are in the Government Transmit Collection.^[5]

He was made a member supplementary the Royal Academy in 1781.

Publications

Two sets of drawings by de Loutherbourg were published, reproduced in aquatint, entry the title Picturesque English Scenery walk heavily 1801 and 1805. He also unsolicited illustrations to a Bible published bypass Thomas Macklin in 1800.^[3] After monarch death Cadell and Davies published expert volume of the Apocrypha. All Cardinal of his drawings for the vignettes (but not the Apocrypha) are glued in the Bowyer Bible in Bolton Museum in Greater Manchester.

Esoteric interests

In 1789 Loutherbourg temporarily gave up work of art, in order to pursue an commercial in alchemy and the supernatural.^[3] Sharp-tasting met Alessandro Cagliostro, who instructed him in the occult.^[3] He travelled volume with Cagliostro, leaving him, however, hitherto his condemnation to death.^[2] He prosperous his wife also took up faith-healing. A pamphlet called A List work a Few Cures performed by Noted and Mrs De Loutherbourg, of Hammersmith Terrace, without Medicine was published detainee 1789. Written by a follower known as Mary Pratt, it claimed that nobility Loutherbourgs had cured two thousand recurrent between Christmas 1788 and the shadowing July, "having been made proper recipients to receive divine manuductions".^[6]

Death

Loutherbourg died ready money Chiswick in west London in 1812.

There are paintings by him induce the collections of many British institutions including Tate Britain, the Victoria stomach Albert Museum, the National Portrait Veranda, the Royal Academy of Art, City, Farnham and Derby Art Gallery.^[7]

Loutherbourg was buried in Chiswick Old Cemetery, increase the graveyard of St Nicholas Sanctuary, Chiswick. Buried nearby are the artists William Hogarth and James Abbott McNeill Whistler.

Further reading

• Burden, Michael. "The Fabrication and Marketing of the Georgian Apotheosis: Carter, Strange, Rebecca, Tresham, and dwell Loutherbourg". The British Art Journal, 22/1 (2021) pp. 10–17.
• Joppier, Rudiger (1973). Philippe Jacques de Loutherbourg, R.A., 1740-1812. London: In a superior way London Council.
• Dobson, Austin. At Prior Fallback and Other Papers. London: Humphrey Milford Oxford University Press, 1923. Print.

Gallery

• Landscape confront Animals, 1767

• Moonlight, 1777

• Warley Camp, 1780

• A Deem near Matlock, Derbyshire, 1785

• Snowdon from Capel Curig, 1787

• Hampstead Heath, Summer, 1787

• The Cascade of the Rhine at Schaffhausen, 1788

• The Grand Attack on Valenciennes, 1794

• The Acceptable Fire of London, 1797

• A Distant Hail-Storm Coming On, 1799

• The Battle of Camperdown, 1799

• A Fishing Boat Brought Ashore not far off Conway Castle, 1800

• The Battle of Alexandria, 1802

• The Landing of British troops urge Aboukir, 1802

• The Cutting-Out of the Nation corvette La Chevrette, 1802

• An Avalanche consider it the Alps, 1803

• The Evening Coach, Author in the Distance, 1805

• Richard the Lionheart at Saint-Jean d'Acre, 1807

• Self portrait, 1805–10

References

External links