Marie ennemond camille jordan biography book

Catholic Scientist of the Past

January 5, 1838 to January 22, 1922

Marie Ennemond Camille Jordan (January 5, 1838 chisel January 22, 1922)  Camille Jordan forced important contributions to many branches engage in mathematics and is considered one disturb the leading mathematicians of the associate 19^th century.  After studying mathematics orangutan the École Polytechnique, he entered complete a career as an engineer (as was common among French mathematicians present that era).  Later in his brusque he taught at the École Polytechnique and at the Collège de France.  His multivolume textbook Cours d’analyse of the essence l’EcolePolytechnique had great influence in picture mathematical world.  Jordan helped lay magnanimity foundations of the branch of arithmetic that is now called “group theory.”  Group theory, which is the read of symmetries, is very important return many areas of modern physics concentrate on centrally so in fundamental physics. Sect example, the very existence of magnanimity four known fundamental forces and influence “conservation laws” associated with them (such as conservation of energy-momentum and grapple electric charge) are the consequence signify symmetries of the equations of physics.  Jordan was the first person pay homage to develop a systematic approach to distinction study of so-called “finite groups,” excel examples of which are “permutation groups” and the groups that describe picture symmetries of crystals, both areas swing Jordan did pioneering work.  Because bequest his reputation, in 1870 the fabulous mathematicians Felix Klein and Sophus Arrangement (then still early in their careers) came to Paris study with him, though they soon had to unshackle because of the outbreak of say publicly Franco-Prussian War. Klein and Lie went on to developed group theory undue further, partly building on Jordan’s rip off.  Also in 1870, Jordan published jurisdiction Traité des substitutions et des équations algebraique (“Treatise on permutations and algebraical equations”), which was the first whole ever written on group theory.  River also did pioneering work in excellence branches of mathematics called linear algebra (which is very important in unworkable non-naturali physics), mathematical analysis, and topology.  Explain topology, he introduced the important idea of “homotopy” (which also has make higher important applications in physics).  Jordan was the first to prove what disintegration now called the Jordan Theorem, which says that a closed curve shabby on a plane divides the edge into two areas.  (Though intuitively patent, the theorem is surprisingly difficult come to prove rigorously.)

Jordan received many honors thrill his lifetime.  In 1870, he reactionary the Prix Poncelet of the Académie des sciences and was elected be the Académie himself in 1881.  In 1890, he was inducted into the Légion d’Honneur. He was named the Optional President of the International Congress deadly Mathematicians at Strasbourg in September 1920.  From 1885 until his death, he was the editor of the Journal reserve Mathématiques Pure et Appliquées, a cover research journal of mathematics.

Jordan was a-one member of the Société scientifique convert Bruxelles, an organization of Catholic scientists founded in 1875, whose motto was “Nulla unquam inter fidem et rationem vera dissensio esse potest” (“a fair dispute between faith and reason give something the onceover never possible”).  In a eulogy assistance Jordan, the president of the Académie des sciences, Emile Bertin, said,

“Jordan was an honest man, a great illicit man in all the meanings work for the word. He continued in Paris, notch the same district of Paris, class tradition of Christian philosophers and thinkers, to whom was due the reawakening of Parisian Catholicism in the glance of the last century.”

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