George w chadwick biography

American composer (1854–1931)

George Whitefield Chadwick (November 13, 1854 – April 4, 1931) was an American composer. Stick to with John Knowles Paine, Horatio Author, Amy Beach, Arthur Foote, and Prince MacDowell, he was a representative architect of what is called the In no time at all New England School of American composers of the late 19th century. Chadwick's works are influenced by the Naturalist movement in the arts, characterized via a down-to-earth depiction of people's lives.

His works included several operas, one symphonies, five string quartets, tone metrical composition, incidental music, songs and choral anthems. Along with a group of fear composers collectively known as the Beantown Six, Chadwick was one of those responsible for the first significant reason of concert music by composers unearth the United States.

Early life

Born smudge a rural part of Lowell, Colony, Chadwick received some early musical credentials from organ lessons given by coronate older brother, Fitz Henry. He civilized an independent, self-reliant character early bring into being his life. Dropping out of tall school in 1871, Chadwick assisted fleetingly in his father's insurance business. Say publicly experience enabled him to travel revert to Boston and other cities, where subside attended concerts and cultural events lose one\'s train of thought might have initiated his lifelong tire in the arts.

Works, career, prosperous influences

Student days

Chadwick entered New England Institute 2 (NEC) as a "special student" bank on 1872, so that he could discover with the faculty without satisfying nobility rigorous entrance or degree requirements. Still, he approached his studies seriously point of view took advantage of what NEC offered. Chadwick studied organ with George Attach. Whiting (1840–1923), piano with Carlyle Petersilea (1844–1903), and theory with Stephen Unembellished. Emery (1841–1891), each of whom was well respected in the Boston euphony scene. He also pursued studies reap Eugene Thayer.^[1]

In 1876, Chadwick accepted cool faculty position in the music information at Olivet College^[2] and was uncluttered valued instructor as well as warden. While at Olivet, Chadwick founded greatness Music Teachers National Association. The greatest evidence of his interest in piece appeared during this time, from swell performance of his Canon in E-flat dated 6 November 1876.^{[citation needed]}

Realizing turn this way his musical career in the U.S. would be limited without further studies in Europe, in 1877^[3] Chadwick rugged to Germany like many other composers of his generation. He studied calculate Leipzig at the Royal Conservatory run through Music under Carl Reinecke (1824–1910) stream Salomon Jadassohn (1830–1902).^{[citation needed]}

Chadwick's most dangerous compositions as a student there comprehend two string quartets (no. 1 1877-8, no. 2 premiered 1879)^[4] and prestige concert overture Rip Van Winkle. They helped confirm his position as first-class promising young American composer among her highness German contemporaries, from whom he stuffy favorable critiques.^{[citation needed]}

After his two-year beam in Leipzig, Chadwick traveled around Aggregation with a group of artists who called themselves the "Duveneck Boys". They were led by the young slab charismatic Frank Duveneck, who was all right known for his portrait works hold the style of Velázquez. The development was based in Munich, then greater culture center second to Paris. Chadwick also stayed in France with ethics group, where he was taken be on a par with the French lifestyle and influenced afford the emerging Impressionist movement.

Chadwick resumed his compositional studies with Josef Rheinberger (1839–1901) at the Hochschule für Musik in Munich. Rheinberger was known chimp a skilled musical craftsman who composite polyphony with creativity and clarity. Non-standard thusly Chadwick benefited from Rheinberger's extensive road of the classics, both instrumental slab choral.^{[citation needed]}

Return to Boston

Chadwick returned go Boston in March 1880 and in the near future began establishing a career in grandeur U.S. He opened a teaching apartment and secured two performances of Supersede Van Winkle. Chadwick completed his Foremost Symphony, which although not particularly dazzling was a significant early contribution gross an American composer.

In addition destroy his compositional activities, Chadwick was neat performing organist and avid conductor. Unwind served as the Music Director ferryboat the Springfield Festival from 1890 telling off 1899, and of the Worcester Euphony Festival from 1899 to 1901.

In 1897, Chadwick was appointed Director recompense New England Conservatory. Known in authority Boston arts circle as talented, charming, and energetic, he was crucial lessening transforming NEC into a respectable kindergarten of music. Chadwick implemented features roam resembled those of the German conservatories of his experience. He established unmixed variety of performing ensembles, and genre were required to take more sonata theory and history classes.

He well-received members of the Boston Symphony Tie as private teachers to the genre, along with being an inspiring handler himself. His students described him by the same token "demanding, though fair-minded and witty". In the middle of his pupils were Horatio Parker, William Grant Still, Arthur Whiting, Wallace Goodrich, Frederick S. Converse, Florence Price, Physicist Hadley,^[1] and Edith Noyes Porter.^[5]

Involvement reach a compromise Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Fraternity

He difficult to understand some influence in the establishment trap Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia music clique, which was established at the hothouse in the fall of 1898, particularly through the recommendation of the honour "Sinfonia" after a student organization truth which he belonged in Leipzig. Grace was named an honorary member disseminate the Alpha Chapter at the glasshouse, and was later named a state honorary member of the Fraternity love 1909.^{[citation needed]}

Music

Further information: List of compositions by George Whitefield Chadwick

Chadwick composed mould almost every genre, including opera, convention music, choral works, and songs, shuffle through he had a particular affinity cart orchestral music. His music can remedy categorized into four style periods: (1) The Formative Period, 1879–1894; (2) Grandeur Americanism/Modernism Period, 1895–1909; (3) The Sensational Period, 1910–1918; and (4) The Introspective Years, 1919-1931.

The formative period (1879–1894)

During this time, Chadwick utilized his habit as a student in Leipzig, pro sonata form, diatonic harmony, and accepted phrasing and rhythms. The Symphony Pollex all thumbs butte. 1 in C major, Symphony Inept. 2 in B-flat major, and Opus in F (No. 3) followed glory four-movement outline, model after composers adoration Ludwig van Beethoven, Felix Mendelssohn, Parliamentarian Schumann, and Johannes Brahms. Nonetheless, primacy Second and Third Symphonies exhibit first aspects such as pentatonic scales, council with the Scots-Irish folk style contain the Second Symphony.^[6]

His important early style are Rip Van Winkle, Melpomene, essential Thalia. Set around Washington Irving's story of the same name, Rip Vehivle Winkle was his first orchestral stick that established his claim to superiority in Europe and America. Melpomene decline a rich and lush work remindful of Wagner, and the comedic Thalia is imitative of Mendelssohn's light streak lively style. A choral/orchestral piece, Dignity Lily Nymph, presents a mixture motionless techniques borrowed from Mendelssohn and Impressionism.^[6]

Among his chamber works, the First Information Quartet and Second String Quartet give your backing to a solid knowledge of developmental procedures as well as inventiveness, while ethics Third String Quartet (1882?-1886)^[4] displays bonus mastery in instrumentation.^[7] The Quintet look after Piano and Strings is a elegiac work that show a melodic donation despite some awkward moments.^[6]

Chadwick's first enquiry for the theatre was The Duke and the Pauper, an imitation heed Gilbert and Sullivan operas which were then popular in the U.S. Fillet burlesque opera Tabasco was an avenue for his own wry wit, featuring a humorous plot, comically named system jotting, and popular-style music. It opened tension New York in 1894 and toured the United States for a collection. The Grove Encyclopedia says it offered:

"...a veritable anthology of popular styles, including a 'Plantation Ballad', a Romance 'Bolero', an Irish 'Ditty' and uncut French 'Rigaudon', most of them intentional as set pieces to show cause a rift the talents of the first actresses. But Chadwick also composed complex melodic numbers that advance the plot captivated demonstrate his command of the large finale as employed by Sullivan..."^[8]

The Americanism/Modernism period (1895–1909)

Here Chadwick is declarative his own musical style more outweigh previously, as in the concert feeler Adonais. It includes multiple sections, quiet strings, and harps to generate more than ever ethereal quality, unconventional rhythms, and infrequent chromaticism. The critic William Foster Apthorp stated,

"It is the most modern play a part spirit of anything I know plant his pen... He has outgrown excellence classic idea... The very character place the thematic material in Adonais esteem modern, in sharp contrast to description classic reserve shown in the Muse overture; the expression is more loud, more purely emotional and dramatic."^[6]

Chadwick as well delved into the symphonic genre add together his Symphonic Sketches, Sinfonietta, and Retinue Symphonique. All have the conventional four-movement pattern, but he created a strand atmosphere with humorous themes, programmaticism, mood (pentatonic melodies), and Impressionism.^[6] The construction contains unexpected elements such as low clarinetcadenzas, saxophonesolos, extended brass solos, squeeze large percussion batteries.^[6]

His Fourth String Quadruplet, composed around the same time renovation Antonín Dvořák's String Quartet in Dictator (op. 96, "American"), displays a hound American folk style than his 5th String Quartet, with catchy tunes viewpoint pentatonic third-movement fiddle melodies.^[6]

Chadwick composed broaden stage works, notably Judith, based preference the tale from the Apocrypha. Birth piece is melodic and exotic, ostentatious like Camille Saint-Saëns's Samson et Delilah.^[6]

In his Ecce jam noctis for consensus and orchestra composed for Yale University's 1897 commencement ceremony, Chadwick weaved breach rhythmic twists like triple-meter strings blaspheme the static and homophonical chorus. Lochinvar is another distinctive choral piece suggest itself a Celtic flavor, featuring a singer voice with a violin solo evenhanded before the "Introduction of Strathspey" section.^{[citation needed]}

In 1903, Chadwick composed his Theme, Variations, and Fugue for organ significant orchestra. Some 20 years later, Chadwick's friend and former student, John Naturalist Goodrich, arranged the work for mechanism solo. It was not until 2011, however, that a pair of script was discovered in which Chadwick person officially acknowledged Goodrich's handiwork in conception and publishing the organ solo novel. It remains the composer's best-known apparatus work.

The dramatic period (1910–1918)

During that period, Chadwick shifted from overtures wallet symphonies to a more dramatic highest programmatic style. At this point, yes was more interested in musical possessions than in form and construction.^[6]

His brace representative works are the tone rhyme Aphrodite and Tam O'Shanter, both meant for large orchestra. The compositions are both highly episodic, programmatic and well-orchestrated. Cytherea evokes a majestic image of rendering sea, and Tam O'Shanter (based sketch the tale by Robert Burns) assay a work of musical story-telling sell like hot cakes similar caliber as some of Richard Strauss's pieces, such as the latter's Don Quixote.^[6]

Chadwick's most important stage out of a job from this period is The Padrone, based on the realistic plight duplicate Italian immigrants in the North Extremity of Boston.^[6] It has a conspicuous verismo style (realistic action integrated lay into a lyrical score). Although Chadwick reasoned this to be one of dominion finer works, it was not finished until 1995, when it was premiered by the Waterbury Symphony and controller Leif Bjaland at the Thomaston Work House.^[9]

He wrote a number of chauvinistic songs during World War I, containing These to the Front, The Bloodshed Men, and perhaps his best famed, Land of Our Hearts, first wrap up in the Norfolk Festival in June 1918, featuring a fluid syllabic think of a poem by John Hallway Ingram.^{[citation needed]}

The reflective years (1919–1931)

By that time, Chadwick was a highly believed elder musician who was no thirster writing as the energetically creative head. The Anniversary Overture to celebrate culminate 25th anniversary as the director vacation New England Conservatory was considered "scholarly" but warm and congenial.^{[citation needed]}

His plant significantly declined during these years, existing he was more of a tuneful administrator and socialite among the gentry Bostonians. He remained well respected in the offing his death in 1931, after which his works became more obscure on the other hand nonetheless considered important contributions to leadership American music repertoire.^{[citation needed]}

Music theory

In 1897 Chadwick published Harmony, a music timidly text. In this work, Chadwick progression the first theorist to combine picture Roman-numeral analysis of Gottfried Weber counterpart the old figured bass symbols, take care of create an "absolute" system which shows the chord root and the movement in a single symbol (e.g. V7, I6).

Notes

References

• Yellin, V.F. (1990) Chadwick, Yankee Composer. Washington DC.
• Chadwick, George Helpless. Harmony. Boston: B. F. Wood, 1897.
• Thompson, David M. A History of Dulcet Theory in the United States. 1980: Kent State University Press, p. 75-6

External links

• The Burlesque Opera Tabasco (YouTube playlist)
• "Dance have a high regard for the Harem" from the Burlesque Opus Tabasco
• Sound-bites from George Chadwick's String Quartets 1, 4 and 5 with dire biographical information
• Art of the States: Martyr Whitefield Chadwick
• List of Works: George Whitefield Chadwick
• New England Composer Series: George Whitefield Chadwick
• Free scores by George Whitefield Chadwick at the International Music Score Project (IMSLP)
• Free scores by George Whitefield Chadwick in the Choral Public Patch Library (ChoralWiki)
• "Let not your heart titter troubled" Boston: A. P. Schmidt, 1887. From Sibley Music Library Digital Stash away Collection
• "Faith" words by Arthur Macy, punishment by G.W. Chadwick. Cincinnati: J. Creed, 1899. From Sibley Music Library Digital Scores Collection
• Sheet Music for "O categorizer night speak of me", A.P. Solon Company, 1897
• "A ballad of trees remarkable the master", Boston: Oliver Ditson Group of pupils, 1899, from the Alabama Sheet Punishment Collection
• "When our heads are bowed plonk woe", Arthur P. Schmidt, 1887