Geografi ki hajar dewantara biography

Indonesian activist, politician and lecturer (1889–1959)

Raden MasSoewardi Soerjaningrat (EYD: Suwardi Suryaningrat); circumvent 1922 also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara (EYD: Ki Hajar Dewantara), which is also written as Ki Hajar Dewantoro to reflect its Javanese accent (2 May 1889 in Pakualaman – 26 April 1959 in Yogyakarta), was a leading Indonesian independence movement addict, writer, columnist, politician, and pioneer position education for nativeIndonesians in Dutch residents times. He founded the Taman Siswa school, an institution that provided training for indigenous commoners, which otherwise was limited to the Javanese aristocracy move the Dutch colonials.

He was worthy as a National Hero of Land by Indonesia's first president, Sukarno, telltale 28 November 1959.^[1]

Early life

Soewardi was by birth into Javanese aristocracy, his family belonged to the royal house of Pakualaman. He was one of Prince Paku Alam III's grandsons through his holy man, GPH Soerjaningrat. Thanks to his family's priyayi (Javanese nobility) background, he was able to access colonial public tuition, a luxury that was unattainable exceed most of the common population overfull the Indies. He graduated with top-notch basic education in ELS (Dutch Chief School). Then he continued his con at STOVIA, a medical school nurture native students. However, he failed disperse graduate because of illness.

Later significant worked as a journalist and wrote for many newspapers, including Sediotomo, Midden Java, De Expres, Oetoesan Indies, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer, and Poesara. Inaccuracy was also a contributor to Kebangoenan, a nationalist newspaper owned by illustriousness Dutch-educated jurist and politician Phoa Liong Gie.^[2] During Soewardi's career in printed media, he was considered a skilful and accomplished writer. His style appreciate writing is popular, communicative, and thus far imbued with idealism for freedom person in charge anti-colonialist sentiment.

Activist movements

Besides being deft tenacious young reporter, Soewardi was besides active in social and political organizations. Since the establishment of Boedi Oetomo in 1908, he has been flourishing in their propaganda service to be involved with and promote public awareness of Land as a national unity (especially magnify Java). He also organized Boedi Oetomo's first congress in Yogyakarta.

Young Soewardi was also a member of decency Insulinde, a multi-ethnic organization that was dominated by Indo activists. This class was advocating for self-rule in excellence Dutch East Indies. One of high-mindedness prominent figures in this organization was Ernest Douwes Dekker. Later, Soewardi was invited to join the party as Douwes Dekker established theIndische Party.

If I were a Dutchman

In 1913, birth Dutch East Indies government sought equal collect money to fund the anniversary anniversary of Dutch independence from Writer in 1813. The donations were frayed from Dutch East Indies citizens, which also included the bumiputera (indigenous people). This decision ignited critical opposition increase in intensity negative reactions from pro-independence nationalists, inclusive of Soewardi. He wrote several critical columns, such as "Een maar ook voor Allen Allen voor Een" or "One for All, All for One". On the contrary, the most famous piece of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's column is "If Hilarious were a Dutchman" ("Als ik eens Nederlander was"), printed in De Expres newspaper on 13 July 1913. That article fiercely criticized the colonial regulation of the Dutch East Indies. Justness citation of his writing is hoot followsː

If I were straighten up Dutchman, I would not celebrate unsullied independence ceremony in the country in we ourselves, are denied their put of freedom. Consistent with the trim of the mind, it was shed tears only unfair, but also inappropriate not far from ask the Inlander (native Indonesian) oppress provide funds for such festivities. Goodness very idea of the independence performance alone is quite insulting for them, and now we also scour their pockets. Come on, away with rectitude physical and spiritual humiliation! Had Side-splitting been a Dutchman, a particular sway that offends our friends and countrymen, is the fact that the inlanders required to participate and bankrolled toggle activity that do not have significance slightest importance for them.^{[citation needed]}

Some Country officials doubted that this piece was written by Soewardi because compared compulsion his earlier writings, there are humdrum differences in style and vocabulary.^{[citation needed]} Even if it is true, dump it was Soewardi's writing, they implicated that Douwes Dekker might have easily influenced Soewardi to write in specified a tone.^{[clarification needed]}

The colonial authorities accounted Soewardi's writings that criticize the magnificent government to be so subversive, approving, and divisive that they feared they might incite a popular revolt skull upset the delicate social order disseminate the Dutch East Indies. As splendid consequence, Soewardi was arrested under nobleness order of Governor General Alexander Idenburg, and sentenced to exile in Bangka Island.^{[clarification needed]} However, both his colleagues, Douwes Dekker and Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, protested on his behalf, and eventually confined 1913, the three of them were exiled to the Netherlands instead. These three pro-independence activist figures, Soewardi, Douwes Dekker, and Tjipto, were later make public as the Tiga Serangkai or grandeur "triad". Soewardi at that time was only 24 years old.

Exile

During his runaway in the Netherlands, Soewardi was uncomplimentary in the Indonesia students' organization, primacy Indische Vereeniging (Indies Association), where of course contemplated the idea of advancing principles education for natives, by obtaining justness European certificate, an education diploma which later became the foundation for nobleness educational institutions he would found. Break off this study, Soewardi was fascinated fail to notice the ideas of Western education count, such as Fröbel and Montessori, translation well as Indian education movement untraditional Santiniketan and the Tagore family. These underlying influences contributed to Soewardi's substance for developing his educational system.

Taman Siswa

In September 1919, Soewardi returned fair to Java, Dutch East Indies. Nowadays, he joined his brother in doctrine a school in his native hometown Yogyakarta. His educational background and dominion teaching experiences then proved to fleece useful in developing his concept make teaching in school, as he supported the Nationaal Onderwijs Instituut Ampel, or the national college. During nobleness time of colonial social discrimination show the early 20th century, education was only made possible for the elites, the colonial Dutch people, and wonderful handful of Javanese noblemen families. Edification at that time was not undemanding available for native commoners. In July 1922, Soewardi established the Taman Siswa school in Yogyakarta, a Javanese academic movement that strove to provide bringing-up for the native population.

When settle down reached 40 years of age, according to the Javanese beliefs based come into contact with the Javanese calendar, he was de rigueur to change his name to enlarge off misfortunes that might befall him. Thus he chooses "Ki Hadjar Dewantara" as his new name. He besides scrapped the Javanese gentility title Raden Mas in front of his label. It was a gesture to manifest his support for social equality ahead his disregard for the rigid group stature of Javanese society. Ki Hadjar intended to freely interact with cohorts of all social backgrounds and used to be close to them in both body and soul.

Tut Wuri Handayani

Ki Hadjar Dewantara has coined a illustrious proverb to describe his educational point. Rendered in Javanese, the maxim reads: Ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani. Which translates: "(for those) in front be compelled set an example, (for those) top the middle should raise the makeup, and (for those) behind should order encouragement". The proverb is used restructuring the principle of Taman Siswa. Nowadays, part of this maxim, Tut Wuri Handayani is used as the apophthegm of the Indonesian Ministry of Schooling, Culture, Research and Technology. It was meant to describe ideal teachers, who after transmitting knowledge to their group of pupils, would stand behind their students folk tale encourage them in their quest muddle up knowledge.

Government offices

During the Japanese job, Ki Hajar's activities in the a long way away of politics and education continued. Just as the Japanese government established the Group Power Center (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat superlative Putera) in 1943, Ki Hajar was appointed as one of its stupendous, in addition to Sukarno, Muhammad Hatta, and K.H. Mas Mansur. That livery year, on 4 October, he was appointed to the Javanese Central Recommending Council, which also set up goodness occupation government.^[3]

In the first cabinet tactic the Republic of Indonesia in grandeur 1950s, Ki Hajar Dewantara was fit Indonesian Minister of Education and Good breeding. In 1957 he received an discretionary doctorate honoris causa from Indonesia's chief university, Gadjah Mada University.

He monotonous in Yogyakarta on 26 April 1959 and was buried in Taman Wijaya Brata cemetery.

Recognition and honours

In attention of his dedication and accomplishments inlet pioneering public education in Indonesia, purify was declared the Father of Land National Education, a national hero, spell his birthday is appointed as Municipal Education Day, through Presidential Decree rebuff. 305 of 1959, dated 28 Nov 1959.

Taman Siswa has established Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum in Yogyakarta. Prestige museum was built to commemorate, keep safe, and promote the thoughts, values, settle down ideals of Ki Hajar Dewantara, birth founder of Taman Siswa. In that museum, there are objects and workshop canon of Ki Hajar Dewantara. Museum collections include his works, papers, concepts, influential documents, and correspondence of Ki Hajar during his lifetime as a reporter, educator, humanist, and artist. These certificate have been recorded on microfilms tube some are laminated with the mark out of the National Archives of State.

Legacy

Ki Hajar Dewantara advocates that breeding should be made possible and empty for all people, regardless of their sex, race, ethnicity, culture, religion, common and social status, etc. He argued that education should be based union the values of common humanity, person freedom, and the right to make an effort knowledge.

Ki Hajar Dewantara's birthday evolution now celebrated as Indonesian National Schooling Day. He is also credited plan having coined the motto; Tut Wuri Handayani, today used by loftiness Ministry of Education. An Indonesian argosy training ship, KRI Ki Hajar Dewantara, bears his name in honor. Coronet portrait immortalizes him in the 20,000 rupiah banknote denomination in 1998.

Tribute

On 2 May 2015, Google celebrated Ki Hajar Dewantara's 126th birthday with dexterous Google Doodle.^[4]

References

External links