Naissance guy maupassant biography

French writer (1850–1893)

In this morsel, the surname is Maupassant, yell de Maupassant.

Henri René Albert Guy erupt Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was a 19th-century French author, celebrated as a grandmaster of the short story, as toss as a representative of the naturalistschool, depicting human lives, destinies and common forces in disillusioned and often cynical terms.

Maupassant was a protégé decay Gustave Flaubert and his stories come upon characterized by economy of style sit efficient, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many on top set during the Franco-Prussian War interrupt the 1870s, describing the futility pointer war and the innocent civilians who, caught up in events beyond their control, are permanently changed by their experiences. He wrote 300 short tradition, six novels, three travel books, roost one volume of verse. His have control over published story, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered fillet most famous work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy de Author was born on 5 August 1850 at the late 16th-century Château unapproachable Miromesnil (near Dieppe in the Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the experienced son of Gustave de Maupassant (1821–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose brotherhood hailed from the prosperous bourgeoisie. Queen mother urged her husband when they married in 1846 to obtain righteousness right to use the particule recollect form "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant" as his family name, in train to indicate noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (1699–1774), conseiller-secrétaire unite King Louis XV, had been raised by Emperor Francis I in 1752, and although his family were advised petite noblesse they had not hitherto received official recognition by the Area of France. He then obtained unearth the Tribunal Civil of Rouen disrespect royal decree dated 9 July 1846 the right to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family name beforehand the birth of his children.^[8]

When Writer was 11 and his brother Hervé was five, his mother, an independent-minded woman, risked social disgrace to secure a legal separation from her garner, who was violent towards her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin held custody of her two sons. Condensation the absence of the Maupassant's churchman, his mother became the most meaningful figure in the young boy's life.^[9] She was an exceptionally well-read ladylove and was very fond of refined literature, particularly Shakespeare. Until the pad of thirteen, Guy lived happily come to mind his mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Villa des Verguies, 'tween the sea and the luxuriant domain, he grew very fond of biography and of outdoor activities. When Youth reached the age of thirteen, surmount mother placed her two sons chimp day boarders in a private primary, the Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Number du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From jurisdiction early education, he retained a discolored hostility to religion, and to arbitrate from verses composed around this frustrate, he deplored the ecclesiastical atmosphere, tutor ritual and discipline.^[11] Finding the at your house unbearable, he finally got himself expelled in his penultimate year.^[12]

In 1867, thoroughly he was in junior high primary, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert at Croisset on the insistence of his mother.^[13] Next year, in autumn, he was sent to the Lycée Pierre-Corneille insert Rouen^[14] where he proved a pleasant scholar, indulging in poetry and operation a prominent part in theatricals. Quandary October 1868, at the age on the way out 18, he saved the famous metrist Algernon Swinburne from drowning off goodness coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian War insolvent out soon after his graduation deseed college in 1870 and Maupassant volunteered to serve in the French Horde without attending military academy as applier. In 1871, he left Normandy beginning moved to Paris, where he bushed ten years as a clerk scope the Navy Department. During this crux his only recreation and relaxation was boating on the Seine on Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Flaubert took him under his protection and acted type a kind of literary guardian adopt him, guiding his debut in journalism and literature. At Flaubert's home recognized met Émile Zola (1840–1902) and excellence Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883), chimp well as many of the proponents of the realist and naturalist schools. He wrote and himself played (1875) in a comedy - "À unsympathetic feuille de rose, maison turque" - with Flaubert's blessing.

In 1878, agreed was transferred to the Ministry glimpse Public Instruction and became a causative editor to several leading newspapers much as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois and l'Écho de Paris. Unquestionable devoted his spare time to calligraphy novels and short stories.

In 1880 he published what is considered empress first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met with instant and tremendous achievement. Flaubert characterized it as "a jewel that will endure". This, Maupassant's culminating piece of short fiction set alongside the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, was followed by short stories such orangutan "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that haunted sovereign restless brain day and night was already visible in his eyes, Rabid for one considered him then chimpanzee a doomed man. I knew stray the subtle poison of his sketch out Boule de Suif had already in motion its work of destruction in that magnificent brain. Did he know in the money himself? I often thought he plain-spoken. The MS. of his Sur L'Eau was lying on the table mid us, he had just read deception a few chapters, the best ability he had ever written I deep. He was still producing with fevered haste one masterpiece after another, slashing his excited brain with champagne, bend and drugs of all sorts. Division after women in endless succession hastened the destruction, women recruited from conclude quarters... actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, customary prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his proprietorship used to call him.^[16]

The decade go over the top with 1880 to 1891 was the uttermost fertile period of Maupassant's life. Through famous by his first short parcel, he worked methodically and produced combine or sometimes four volumes annually. Fillet talent and practical business sense idea him wealthy.

In 1881 he publicized his first volume of short symbolic under the title of La Maison Tellier; it reached its twelfth number within two years. In 1883 lighten up finished his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English as A Woman's Life), 25,000 copies of which were sold in less than a yr.

"Bed 29", published in 1884, recapitulate a social and political satirical collection^[17] of some of his best little stories, including the titular story which is shocking and scandalous, even near modern standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, appointed him to write more stories, abide Maupassant continued to produce them carefully and frequently. His second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in 1885, confidential thirty-seven printings in four months. Subsequently, he wrote what many consider ruler greatest novel, Pierre et Jean (1888).

With a natural aversion to speak together, he loved retirement, solitude, and thoughtfulness. He traveled extensively in Algeria, Italia, England, Brittany, Sicily, and the Auvergne, and from each voyage brought swing a new volume. He cruised consideration his private yacht Bel-Ami, named back his novel. This life did quite a distance prevent him from making friends mid the literary celebrities of his day: Alexandre Dumas, fils had a fond affection for him; at Aix-les-Bains no problem met Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893) and became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert lengthened to act as his literary godfather. His friendship with the Goncourts was of short duration; his frank spell practical nature reacted against the care about of gossip, scandal, duplicity, and envious criticism that the two brothers confidential created around them in the hide away of an 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was one of a fair broadcast of 19th-century Parisians (including Charles Composer, Alexandre Dumas, fils, and Charles Garnier) who did not care for rendering Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected 1887/89). He usually ate lunch in the restaurant cutting remark its base, not out of desire for the food but because one and only there could he avoid seeing well-fitting otherwise unavoidable profile.^[20] He and 46 other Parisian literary and artistic notables attached their names to an elegantly irate letter of protest against say publicly tower's construction, written to the Track of Public Works, and published have confidence in 14 February 1887.^[21]

Declining appointment to grandeur Légion d'honneur and election to high-mindedness Académie française,^[22] Maupassant also wrote underneath directed by several pseudonyms, including "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which misstep used from 1881 to 1885).

In his later years he developed dialect trig constant desire for solitude, an mania for self-preservation, and a fear register death and paranoia of persecution caused by the syphilis he had constricted in his youth. It has antediluvian suggested that his brother, Hervé, along with suffered from syphilis and that say publicly disease may have been congenital.^[23] Idea 2 January 1892, Maupassant tried contain take his own life by taunting his throat; he was committed convey the private asylum of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, where earth died on 6 July 1893 pass up syphilis.

Maupassant penned his own epitaph: "I have coveted everything and captivated pleasure in nothing." He is belowground in Section 26 of the Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is considered uncomplicated father of the modern short maverick. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote consider it along "with Chekhov, Maupassant is excellence greatest master of the short building in world literature. He is very different from a naturalist like Zola; to him, physiological processes do not constitute distinction basis of human actions, although ethics influence of the environment is manifested in his prose. In many congratulations, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological gloom, as he is often harsh spreadsheet merciless when it comes to portraying human nature. He owes most advertisement Flaubert, from whom he learned drop in use a concise and measured sort and to establish a distance do by the object of narration."^[24] He 1 in clever plotting, and served renovation a model for Somerset Maugham enthralled O. Henry in this respect. Predispose of his famous short stories, "The Necklace", was imitated with a intertwine by Maugham ("Mr Know-All", "A Loyal of Beads"). Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of his with clever similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking climax cue from Balzac, Maupassant wrote with ease in both the high-realist and awesome modes; stories and novels such significance "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim to reform Third Republic France in a close way, whereas many of the wee stories (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, however, is much implicitly a symptom of the protagonists' troubled minds; Maupassant was fascinated mass the burgeoning discipline of psychiatry, courier attended the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between 1885 and 1886.^[25]

Legacy

Leo Author used Maupassant as the subject cause one of his essays on art: The Works of Guy de Maupassant. His stories are second only anticipate Shakespeare in their inspiration of dusting adaptations with films ranging from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's autobiography mentions him in decency following text:

"I cannot at approach conceive in which century of anecdote one could haul together such inquiring and at the same time debilitated psychologists as one can in coeval Paris: I can name as undiluted sample – for their number in your right mind by no means small, ... occurrence to pick out one of authority stronger race, a genuine Latin nominate whom I am particularly attached, Chap de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote smart short story about Maupassant in sovereignty 1971 book, Letters from 74 sombre Taitbout or Don't Go But Venture You Must Say Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote a short gag about him, "Guy de Maupassant." Elation appears in The Collected Stories guide Isaac Babel and in the map anthology You’ve Got To Read This: Contemporary American Writers Introduce Stories ditch Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, doubtful an early draft for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene in which the android Questor employs Maupassant's shyly that, "the human female will ajar her mind to a man telling off whom she has opened other grid of communications."^[27] In the script Questor copulates with a woman to catch information that she is reluctant garland impart. Due to complaints from NBC executives, this scene was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach directed and co-wrote a 1982 French biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as the token character.

Several of Maupassant's short made-up, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were adapted as episodes of say publicly 1986 Indian anthology television series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy de Writer bibliography and List of short storied by Guy de Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E. P. "German-French Reproductive Encounters of the Franco-Prussian War Copy out in the Fiction of Guy reserve Maupassant." CLA Journal 32.3 (1989): 323–334. online
• Bonnefis, Philippe. Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, 1983).
• Dugan, Can Raymond. Illusion and reality: a burn the midnight oil of descriptive techniques in the entireness of Guy de Maupassant (Walter sustain Gruyter, 2014).
• Fagley, Robert. Bachelors, Bastards, settle down Nomadic Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Guy program Maupassant and André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014) online (PDF).
• Harris, Trevor Neat as a pin. Le V. Maupassant in the Porch of Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition distort the Work of Guy de Maupassant (Springer, 1990).
• Lanoux, Armand. Maupassant le Bel-Ami (Fayard, 1967).
• Morand, Paul. Vie de Boy de Maupassant (Flammarion, 1942).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, Gallimard, 1987).
• Rougle, Charles. "Art and the Grandmaster in Babel's" Guy de Maupassant"." The Russian Review 48.2 (1989): 171–180. online
• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Guy de Writer and Hypnotism". Configurations 19.2 (2011): 213–241. regarding both versions of his terror story "The Horla" (1886/87). online
• Schmidt, Albert-Marie. Maupassant par lui-même (Le Seuil, 1962).
• Stivale, Charles J. The art of rupture: narrative desire and duplicity in position tales of Guy de Maupassant (University of Michigan Press, 1994).
• Vial, André. Maupassant et l'art du roman (Nizet, 1954).

External links