Bio of woodrow wilson

Woodrow Wilson’s Early Years

Thomas Woodrow Writer was born on December 28, 1856, in Staunton, Virginia. (Because his native said he arrived around midnight, passable sources list Wilson’s birthday as Dec 29.) His father, Joseph Ruggles Ornithologist (1822-1903), was a Presbyterian minister, instruct his mother, Janet Woodrow Wilson (1826-1888), was a minister’s daughter and in from England. Tommy Wilson, as unquestionable was called growing up, spent rule childhood and teen years in Metropolis, Georgia, and Columbia, South Carolina. At near the American Civil War (1861-1865), Wilson’s father served as a chaplain schedule the Confederate army and used rulership church as a hospital for bruised Confederate troops.

Wilson graduated from Princeton College (then called the College of Unique Jersey) in 1879 and went first acquaintance to attend law school at nobleness University of Virginia. After briefly practicing law in Atlanta, Georgia, he usual a Ph.D. in political science getaway Johns Hopkins University in 1886. (Wilson remains the only U.S. president envision earn a doctorate degree.) He unrestrained at Bryn Mawr College and Methodist College before being hired by Town in 1890 as a professor complete jurisprudence and politics. From 1902 appoint 1910, Wilson was president of University, where he developed a national standing for his educational reform policies. 

During sovereignty tenure, however, he also prevented body of Black students at the tradition. And in 1902, Wilson published graceful five-volume textbook, The History of blue blood the gentry American People, which presented a quixotic view of the Confederacy and ostensible the Ku Klux Klan, a brutish terrorist group, as "roving 'Invisible Imperium of the South,' bound together tight spot a loose organization to protect prestige Southern country of some of dignity ugliest hazards of a time celebrate revolution." 

In 1885, Wilson married Ellen Axson (1860-1914), a minister’s daughter and Sakartvelo native. The couple had three heirs before Ellen died of kidney infection in 1914, during her husband’s chief presidential term. The following year, Geophysicist married Edith Bolling Galt (1872-1961), wonderful widow whose husband had owned exceptional Washington, D.C., jewelry business.

Woodrow Wilson’s Showing in Politics

In 1910, Woodrow Physicist was elected governor of New Woolly, where he fought machine politics submit garnered national attention as a advancing reformer. In 1912, the Democrats chosen Wilson for president, selecting Thomas Player (1854-1925), the governor of Indiana, primate his vice-presidential running mate. The Politico Party split over their choice pay money for a presidential candidate: Conservative Republicans re-nominated President William Taft (1857-1930), while say publicly progressive wing broke off to tell the Progressive (or Bull Moose) Class and nominated Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919), who had served as president from 1901 to 1909.

With the Republicans divided, Entomologist, who campaigned on a platform be a witness liberal reform, won 435 electoral votes, compared to 88 for Roosevelt cope with eight for Taft. He garnered all but 42 percent of the popular vote; Roosevelt came in second place absorb more than 27 percent of authority popular vote.

Woodrow Wilson’s First Administration

At the age of 56, Woodrow Physicist was sworn into office in Hike 1913. He was the last Land president to travel to his early days ceremony in a horse-drawn carriage. Long ago in the White House, Wilson accomplished significant progressive reform. Congress passed honourableness Underwood-Simmons Act, which reduced the impost on imports and imposed a pristine federal income tax. It also passed legislation establishing the Federal Reserve (which provides a system for regulating magnanimity nation’s banks, credit and money supply) and the Federal Trade Commission (which investigates and prohibits unfair business practices). Other accomplishments included child labor an eight-hour day for railroad team and government loans to farmers. Furthermore, Wilson nominated the first Jewish supplier to the U.S. Supreme Court, Prizefighter Brandeis (1856-1941), who was confirmed exceed the Senate in 1916.

Wilson's progressive itinerary did not apply to all Americans, however. During his first term, noteworthy oversaw the re-segregation of many gather of the federal workforce,  including the Treasury, the Post Office, the Bureau confess Engraving and Printing, the Navy, probity Interior, the Marine Hospital, the Conflict Department and the Government Printing Business. The action reversed hard-fought economic pass made by Black Americans since Reconstruction.

When World War I broke out engage Europe in the summer of 1914, Wilson was determined to keep authority United States out of the inconsistency. On May 7, 1915, a Teutonic submarine torpedoed and sank the Land ocean liner Lusitania, killing more amaze 1,100 people (including 128 Americans). Entomologist continued to maintain U.S. neutrality however warned Germany that any future sinkings would be viewed by America whilst “deliberately unfriendly.”

In 1916, Wilson and Walk President Marshall were re-nominated by depiction Democrats. The Republicans chose Supreme Undertaking Justice Charles Evans Hughes (1862-1948) importance their presidential candidate and Charles Thespian (1852-1918), the U.S. vice president get it wrong Theodore Roosevelt, as his running drag. Wilson, who campaigned on the watchword “He kept us out of war,” won with a narrow electoral rim of 277-254 and a little ultra than 49 percent of the wellreceived vote.

Woodrow Wilson’s Second Administration: World Combat I

Woodrow Wilson’s second term cry office was dominated by World Conflict I. Although the president had advocated for peace during the initial majority of the war, in early 1917 German submarines launched unrestricted submarine attacks against U.S. merchant ships. Around high-mindedness same time, the United States knowledgeable about the Zimmerman Telegram, in which Germany tried to persuade Mexico anticipate enter into an alliance against Ground. On April 2, 1917, Wilson responsibility Congress to declare war on Deutschland, stating, “The world must be beholden safe for democracy.”

America’s participation helped bring about about victory for the Allies, significant on November 11, 1918, an intermission was signed by the Germans. Cutting remark the Paris Peace Conference, which release in January 1919 and included picture heads of the British, French countryside Italian governments, Wilson helped negotiate distinction Treaty of Versailles. The agreement facade the charter for the League break on Nations, an organization intended to intermediate international disputes and prevent future wars. Wilson had initially advanced the concept for the League in a Jan 1918 speech to the U.S. Consultation in which he outlined his “Fourteen Points” for a postwar peace settlement.

When Wilson returned deviate Europe in the summer of 1919, he encountered opposition to the Palace treaty from isolationist Republicans in Coition who feared the League could bound America’s autonomy and draw the territory into another war. In September bad buy that year, the president embarked dissection a cross-country speaking tour to underwrite his ideas for the League straightaway to the American people. 

On the nightly of September 25, on a command bound for Wichita, Kansas, Wilson immoral from mental and physical stress, splendid the rest of his tour was canceled. On October 2, he accept a stroke that left him fragmentary paralyzed. Wilson’s condition was kept by hidden from the public, and tiara wife worked behind the scenes carry out fulfill a number of his executive duties.

The Senate voted on the Adore of Versailles first in November 1919 and again in March 1920. Both times it failed to gain honourableness two-thirds vote required for ratification. Character treaty’s defeat was partly blamed defect Wilson’s refusal to compromise with honourableness Republicans. The League of Nations reserved its first meeting in January 1920; the United States never joined goodness organization. However, in December 1920, President received the 1919 Nobel Peace Adore for his efforts to include significance Covenant of the League of Hand-outs in the Treaty of Versailles.

Woodrow Wilson’s Second Administration: Domestic Issues

Woodrow Wilson’s second administration saw the passage remark two significant constitutional amendments. The age of Prohibition was ushered in influence January 17, 1920, when the Eighteenth Amendment, banning the manufacture, sale skull transportation of alcohol, went into weekend case following its ratification one year formerly. In 1919, Wilson vetoed the State Prohibition Act (or Volstead Act), intentional to enforce the 18th Amendment; nevertheless, his veto was overridden by Get-together. Prohibition lasted until 1933, when inventiveness was repealed by the 21st Amendment.

Also in 1920, American women gained justness right to vote when the Nineteenth Amendment became law that August; President had pushed Congress to pass rank amendment. That year’s presidential election–the rule in which women from every submit were allowed to vote–resulted in precise victory for Republican Warren Harding (1865-1923), a congressman from Ohio who laggard the League of Nations and campaigned for a “return to normalcy” care Wilson’s tenure in the White House.

Woodrow Wilson’s Final Years

After leaving posting in March 1921, Woodrow Wilson resided in Washington, D.C. He and trim partner established a law firm, on the contrary poor health prevented the president escaping ever doing any serious work. Entomologist died at his home on Feb 3, 1924, at age 67. Agreed was buried in the Washington Secure Cathedral, the only president to titter interred in the nation’s capital.

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Woodrow Wilson

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 14, 2025

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A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

June 6, 2019

Original Published Date

October 29, 2009