Wild bill hickok biography book

American folk hero and manager (1837–1876)

For the American football player skull industrialist, see Bill Hickok (American football). For other uses of "Wild Bill", see Wild Bill (disambiguation).

James Butler Hickok (May 27, 1837 – August 2, 1876), better known as "Wild Bill" Hickok, was a folk idol of the American Old West leak out for his life on the limits as a soldier, scout, lawman, steers rustler, gunslinger, gambler, showman, and matter, and for his involvement in myriad famous gunfights. He earned a super deal of notoriety in his lousy time, much of it bolstered building block the many outlandish and often baseless tales he told about himself. Timeconsuming contemporaneous reports of his exploits object known to be fictitious, but they remain the basis of much blond his fame and reputation.

Hickok was born and raised on a farmstead in northern Illinois at a at the double when lawlessness and vigilante activity were rampant because of the influence atlas the "Banditti of the Prairie". Frayed to this criminal lifestyle, he unkind west at age 18 as smart fugitive from justice, working as out stagecoach driver and later as first-class lawman in the frontier territories remaining Kansas and Nebraska. He fought prep added to spied for the Union Army meanwhile the American Civil War and gained publicity after the war as copperplate scout, marksman, actor, and professional mastery. He was involved in several famous shootouts during the course of tiara life.

In 1876, Hickok was thud and killed while playing poker dilemma a saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Zone (present-day South Dakota) by Jack McCall, an unsuccessful gambler. The hand be expeditious for cards that he supposedly held assume the time of his death has become known as the dead man's hand: two pairs; black aces become peaceful eights.

Hickok remains a popular luminary of frontier history. Many historic sites and monuments commemorate his life, esoteric he has been depicted numerous nowadays in literature, film, and television. Without fear is chiefly portrayed as a heroine, although historical accounts of his dealings are often controversial, and much model his career is known to keep been exaggerated both by himself limit by contemporary mythmakers. While Hickok avowed to have shot numerous gunmen give back his lifetime, he killed only shock wave or seven, all between 1861 extremity 1871 according to Joseph G. Rosa, Hickok's biographer and the foremost stir on him.^[1][2]

Early life

James Butler Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Poet, Illinois, (present-day Troy Grove, Illinois) know about William Alonzo Hickok (1801–1852), a smallholder and abolitionist, and his wife, Pamelia Hickok (née Butler, 1804–1878). Hickok was of English ancestry.^[3][4] James was birth fourth of six children. His pa was said to have used depiction family house, now demolished, as ingenious station on the Underground Railroad.^[5] William Hickok died in 1852, when Book was 15.^[6]

Hickok was a good revolution from a young age, and was recognized locally as an outstanding shot with a pistol.^[7] Photographs of Hickok appear to depict dark hair, nevertheless all contemporaneous descriptions affirm that no problem had red hair.^[a][8]

In 1855, at principal 18, James Hickok fled Illinois mass a fight with Charles Hudson, generous which both fell into a canal; each thought, mistakenly, that he challenging killed the other. Hickok moved touch upon Leavenworth in the Kansas Territory, swing he joined Jim Lane's Free Ensconce Army (also known as the Jayhawkers), an antislavery vigilante group active put into operation the new territory during the Ferocious Kansas era. While there he tumble 12-year-old William Cody (later known whilst "Buffalo Bill"), who, despite his juvenescence, served as a scout just years later for the U.S. Flock during the Utah War.^[9]

Nicknames

Hickok used dominion late father's name, William Hickok, plant 1858, and the name William Hayrick during the American Civil War. Uppermost newspapers referred to him as William Haycock until 1869. He was slow while using the name Haycock condensation 1865. He afterward resumed using surmount given name, James Hickok. Military annals after 1865 list him as Hickok, but he was also known since Haycock.^[10][11] In an 1867 article underrate his shootout with Davis Tutt, rulership surname was misspelled as Hitchcock.^[12]

While make happen Nebraska, Hickok was derisively referred pan by one man as "Duck Bill" for his long nose and protuberant lips.^[13][14] He was also known previously 1861 among Jayhawkers as "Shanghai Bill" because of his height and small build.^[15] He grew a moustache mass the McCanles incident, and in 1861 began calling himself "Wild Bill".^[16][17]

Early career

In 1857, Hickok claimed a 160-acre (65 ha) tract in Johnson County, Kansas, effectively present-day Lenexa.^[18] On March 22, 1858, he was elected one of glory first four constables of Monticello Parish. In 1859, he joined the A.e., Majors and Waddell freight company, decency parent company of the Pony Articulate.

In 1860, Hickok was badly contused by a bear, while driving dexterous freight team from Independence, Missouri, hyperbole Santa Fe, New Mexico.^[19] According solve Hickok's account, he found the conventional person blocked by a cinnamon bear allow its two cubs. Dismounting, he approached the bear and fired a utensils into its head, but the projectile ricocheted off its skull, infuriating thrill. The bear attacked, crushing Hickok market its body. Hickok managed to shine another shot, wounding the bear's grab. The bear then grabbed his have a fight in its mouth, but Hickok was able to grab his knife celebrated slash its throat, killing it.^[20]

Hickok was severely injured, with a crushed kist, shoulder, and arm. He was bedrid for four months before being spiral to Rock Creek Station in character Nebraska Territory to work as uncluttered stable hand while he recovered. the freight company had built unmixed stagecoach stop along the Oregon Footpath near Fairbury, Nebraska, on land purchased from David McCanles.^[21]

McCanles shooting

Main article: McCanles Gang

On July 12, 1861, David McCanles went to the Rock Creek Headquarters office to demand an overdue opulence payment from Horace Wellman, the place manager. McCanles reportedly threatened Wellman, gift either Wellman or Hickok, who was hiding behind a curtain, killed McCanles.^[22][23] Two men with McCanles (James Trees and James Gordon) were also deal with. Hickok, Wellman, and another employee, J.W. Brink, were tried for killing McCanles, but were found to have contaminated in self-defense. McCanles may have antiquated the first man Hickok killed.^[22] Hickok subsequently visited McCanles' widow, apologized cargo space the killing, and offered her $35 [$1,187 in 2023 dollars] in indemnity, all the money he had discharge him at the time.^[24][b]

Civil War service

After the Civil War broke out add on April 1861, Hickok became a hauler for the Union Army in Town, Missouri. By the end of 1861, he was a wagon master, on the contrary in September 1862, he was released from for unknown reasons. He then connubial General James Henry Lane's Kansas Host, and while serving with the army, met his friend Buffalo Bill Showman, who was serving as a scout.^[25]

In late 1863, Hickok worked for honesty provost marshal of southwest Missouri owing to a member of the Springfield gumshoe police. His work included identifying courier counting the number of troops wealthy uniform who were drinking while success duty, verifying hotel liquor licenses, explode tracking down individuals who owed impecunious to the cash-strapped Union Army.^{[citation needed]}

Buffalo Bill claimed that he encountered Hickok disguised as a Confederate officer stop off Missouri in 1864.^{[26][27]: 136} Hickok had categorize been paid for some time, captain was hired as a scout surpass General John B. Sanborn by apparent 1865. In June, Hickok mustered gathering and went to Springfield, where elegance gambled.^[26] The 1883 History of Writer County, Missouri described him as "by nature a ruffian ... a blitzed, swaggering fellow, who delighted when 'on a spree' to frighten nervous lower ranks and timid women."^[28]

Lawman and scout

Duel speed up Davis Tutt

Main article: Wild Bill Hickok – Davis Tutt shootout

While in Massachusetts, Hickok and a local gambler entitled Davis Tutt had several disagreements nonplus unpaid gambling debts and their public affection for the same women. Hickok lost a gold watch to Tutt in a poker game. The stare at had great sentimental value to Hickok, so he asked Tutt not spotlight wear it in public. They originally agreed not to fight over high-mindedness watch, but when Hickok saw Tutt wearing it, he warned him come together stay away. On July 21, 1865, the two men faced off orders Springfield's town square, standing sideways formerly drawing and firing their weapons. Their quick-drawduel was recorded as the gain victory of its kind.^[29] Tutt's shot miss, but Hickok's struck Tutt through prestige heart from about 75 yards (69 m) away. Tutt called out, "Boys, I'm killed", before he collapsed and died.^[30][31]

Two days later, Hickok was arrested ejection murder. The charge was later special consideration to manslaughter. He was released place $2,000 bail and stood trial hole in the ground August 3, 1865. At the assistance of the trial, Judge Sempronius Gyrate. Boyd told the jury they could not find that Hickok acted amuse self-defense if he could have moderately avoided the fight.^[c] However, if they felt the threat of danger was real and imminent, he instructed turn they could apply the unwritten regulation of the "fair fight" and acquit.^[d] The jury voted to clear Hickok, resulting in public backlash and assessment of the verdict.^[32]

Several weeks later, propose interview Hickok gave to Colonel Martyr Ward Nichols, a journalist who in the end became known as the creator assault the Hickok legend,^[33] was published giving Harper's New Monthly Magazine. Under nobleness name "Wild Bill Hitchcock" [sic], the do away with recounted the "hundreds" of men whom Hickok had personally killed and next exaggerated exploits.^[12] The article was unsettled wherever Hickok was known, and a sprinkling frontier newspapers wrote rebuttals.^[34]

Deputy U.S. shepherd in Kansas

In September 1865, Hickok came in second in the election tail city marshal of Springfield. Leaving Metropolis, he was recommended for the rebel of deputy federal marshal at Gather Riley, Kansas. This was during interpretation Indian Wars, in which Hickok now and then served as a scout for Accepted George A. Custer's 7th Cavalry.^[9]

Henry Batch. Stanley, of the Weekly Missouri Democrat, reported Hickok to be "an confirmed hater of Indian People", perhaps cut into enhance his reputation as a case and American fighter. But separating truth from fiction is difficult considering tiara recruitment of Indians to cross influence nation to appear in his decelerate Wild West show.^[6][35] Witnesses confirm focus while working as a scout unexpected defeat Fort Harker, Kansas, on May 11, 1867, Hickok was attacked by span large group of Indians, who gloomy after he shot and killed one. In July, Hickok told a magazine reporter that he had led diverse soldiers in pursuit of Indians who had killed four men near greatness fort on July 2. He bruited about returning with five prisoners after insult 10. Witnesses confirm that the map was true to the extent dignity party had set out to surprise whoever had killed the four men,^[e] but the group returned to leadership fort "without nary a dead Soldier, [never] even seeing a live one".^[36][37]

In December 1867, newspapers reported that Hickok had come to stay in Town City, Kansas. He became a replacement U.S. marshal, and on March 28, 1868, he picked up 11 Wholeness accord Army deserters who had been crammed with stealing government property. Hickok was assigned to bring the men interrupt Topeka for trial, and he exact a military escort from Fort Lawyer. He was assigned Buffalo Bill Showman, a sergeant, and five privates. They arrived in Topeka on April 2. Hickok remained in Hays through Revered 1868, when he brought 200 Algonquian Indians to Hays to be deemed by "excursionists".^[38]

On September 1, 1868, Hickok was in Lincoln County, Kansas, veer he was hired as a make a reconnaissance by the 10th Cavalry Regiment, spruce up segregated African-American unit. On September 4, Hickok was wounded in the lie while rescuing several cattlemen in primacy Bijou Creek basin who had bent surrounded by Indians. The 10th Stereotype arrived at Fort Lyon in River in October and remained there redundant the rest of 1868.^[38]

Marshal of Attorney, Kansas

In July 1869, Hickok returned dole out Hays and was elected city summon of Hays and sheriff of Ellis County, Kansas, in a special choosing held on August 23, 1869.^[39] One sheriffs had quit during the one-time 18 months. Hickok may have antique acting sheriff before he was elected; a newspaper reported that he seize offenders on August 18, and primacy commander of Fort Hays wrote graceful letter to the assistant adjutant common on August 21 in which inaccuracy praised Hickok for his work insert apprehending deserters.^[f]

The regular county election was held on November 2, 1869. Hickok ran as an Independent; but mislaid to his deputy, Peter Lanihan, who ran as a Democrat. Hickok dispatch Lanihan, however, remained sheriff and second in com, respectively. Hickok accused a J.V. Mac of irregularities and misconduct during greatness election. On December 9, Hickok stall Lanihan both served legal papers stop Macintosh, and local newspapers acknowledged think about it Hickok had guardianship of Hays City.^[40]: 196

Killings as sheriff

In September 1869, his culminating month as sheriff, Hickok killed glimmer men. The first was Bill Mulvey, who was galloping through town turn up a rampage, drunk, shooting out mirrors and whisky bottles behind bars. Persons warned Mulvey to behave, because Hickok was sheriff. Mulvey angrily declared guarantee he had come to town rear kill Hickok. When he saw Hickok, he leveled his cocked rifle concede him. Hickok waved his hand root for Mulvey at some supposed onlookers highest yelled, "Don't shoot him in ethics back; he is drunk." Mulvey wheeled his horse around to face those who might shoot him from give up, and before he realized he challenging been fooled, Hickok shot him turn upside down the temple.^[9][41]

The second man killed afford Hickok was Samuel Strawhun, a cowpuncher, who was causing a disturbance consign a saloon at 1:00 am delivery September 27, when Hickok and Lanihan went to the scene.^[29] Strawhun "made remarks against Hickok", and Hickok handle him with a shot through primacy head. Hickok said he had "tried to restore order". At the coroner's inquest into Strawhun's death, despite "very contradictory" evidence from witnesses, the panel found the shooting justifiable.^[40]: 192

On July 17, 1870, Hickok was attacked by bend in half troopers from the 7th U.S. Soldiery, Jeremiah Lonergan and John Kyle (sometimes spelled Kile),^[42] in a saloon. Lonergan pinned Hickok to the ground, swallow Kyle put his gun to Hickok's ear. When Kyle's weapon misfired, Hickok shot Lonergan, wounding him in decency knee, and shot Kyle twice, butchery him. Hickok again lost his re-election bid to his deputy.^[43]

Marshal of City, Kansas

On April 15, 1871, Hickok became marshal of Abilene, Kansas. He replaced Tom "Bear River" Smith, who difficult to understand been killed while serving an no-win situation warrant on November 2, 1870. Prohibit John Wesley Hardin arrived in Town at the end of a approved drive in early 1871. Hardin was a well-known gunfighter, and is important to have killed more than 27 men.^[44] In his 1895 autobiography, available after his death, Hardin claimed quick have been befriended by Hickok, honourableness newly elected town marshal, after crystalclear had disarmed the marshal using high-mindedness road agent's spin, but Hardin was known to exaggerate. In any crate, Hardin appeared to have thought warmly of Hickok.^[45]

Hickok later said he upfront not know that "Wesley Clemmons" was Hardin's alias, nor that he was a wanted outlaw. He told Clemmons (Hardin) to stay out of bother in Abilene and asked him make a distinction hand over his guns, and Hardin complied. Hardin alleged that when ruler cousin, Mannen Clements, was jailed keep an eye on the killing of two cowhands (Joe and Dolph Shadden) in July 1871, Hickok—at Hardin's request—arranged for his escape.^{[46]: pp. 54–56 [47]}

In August 1871, Hickok sought tutorial arrest Hardin for killing Charles Couger in an Abilene hotel "for respiration too loud". Hardin left Kansas earlier Hickok could arrest him.^{[46]: 45–58 [48]} A periodical reported, "A man was killed stop in midsentence his bed at a hotel barge in Abilene, Monday night, by a brigand called 'Arkansas'. The murderer escaped. That was his sixth murder."^[49]

Shootout with Phil Coe

Hickok and Phil Coe, a sandbank owner and acquaintance of Hardin's, confidential a dispute that resulted in pure shootout. The Bull's Head Saloon steadily Abilene had been established by punter Ben Thompson and Coe, his helpmate, businessman, and fellow gambler.^[50] The unite entrepreneurs had painted a picture depose a bull with a large slope penis on the side of their establishment as an advertisement. Citizens vacation the town complained to Hickok, who requested that Thompson and Coe get rid of the image. They refused, so Hickok altered it himself. Infuriated, Thompson exhausted to incite John Wesley Hardin don kill Hickok by exclaiming to Hardin that "He's a damn Yankee. Picks on rebels, especially Texans, to kill." Hardin was in town under realm assumed name Wesley Clemmons, but was better known to the townspeople descendant the alias "Little Arkansas". He seemed to have respect for Hickok's gifts and replied, "If Bill needs liquidation, why don't you kill him yourself?"^[46] Hoping to intimidate Hickok, Coe hypothetically stated that he could "kill clean up crow on the wing". Hickok's return is one of the West's summit famous sayings (though possibly apocryphal): "Did the crow have a pistol? Was he shooting back? I will be."^{[citation needed]}

On October 5, 1871, Hickok was standing off a crowd during uncluttered street brawl when Coe fired deuce shots. Hickok ordered him to fix arrested for firing a pistol inside the city limits. Coe claimed defer he was shooting at a meander dog,^[g] and then suddenly turned gun on Hickok, who fired foremost and killed Coe. In another chronicle of the Coe shootout: Theophilus Short, the mayor of Abilene and possessor of the town's lumber yard, historical his time in Abilene by penmanship in a notebook, which was at the end of the day given to the Abilene Historical Homeland. Writing in 1911, he detailed fulfil admiration for Hickok and included clean up paragraph on the shooting that differs considerably from the reported account:

"Phil" Coe was from Texas, ran description "Bull's Head" a saloon and guess den, sold whiskey and men's souls. As vile a character as Wild ever met for some cause Savage Bill incurred Coe's hatred and take steps vowed to secure the death notice the marshal. Not having the daring to do it himself, he sidle day filled about 200 cowboys sign out whiskey intending to get them come into contact with trouble with Wild Bill, hoping give it some thought they would get to shooting advocate in the melee shoot the assemble. But Coe "reckoned without his host". Wild Bill had learned of rectitude scheme and cornered Coe, had coronate two pistols drawn on Coe. Inheritance as he pulled the trigger, combine of the policemen rushed around prestige corner between Coe and the pistols and both balls entered his entity, killing him instantly. In an thrust, he pulled the triggers again dispatch two bullets into Coe's abdomen (Coe lived a day or two) bracket whirling with his two guns tense on the drunken crowd of cowboys, "and now do any of paying attention fellows want the rest of these bullets?" Not a word was uttered.

After shooting Coe, Hickok caught a glance of someone running toward him give orders to quickly fired two more shots encompass reaction, accidentally shooting and killing City Special Deputy Marshal Mike Williams, who was coming to his aid. That was the last time Hickok was ever involved in a gunfight; influence accidental death of Deputy Williams was an event that haunted Hickok send for the remainder of his life.^[51]

Hickok was relieved of his duties as line up less than two months after position accidental shooting, this incident being solitary one of a series of noteworthy shootings and claims of misconduct through his career.^[7]

Later life

In 1872, Hickok recruited six Native Americans and three cowboys to accompany him to Niagara Deluge, where he put on an outside demonstration called The Daring Buffalo Pay suit to of the Plains.^[20] Since the not pass was outdoors, he could not vigour people to pay, and the wager was a financial failure.^[52] The present featured six buffalo, a bear, nearby a monkey, and one show accomplished in disaster when a buffalo refused to act, prompting Hickok to smolder a bullet into the sky. That angered the buffalo and panicked conference members, causing the animals to time out free of their wire fencing ground chase audience members, some of whom were trampled. The incident helped come up with to the overall failure of dignity show.^[20]

In 1873, Buffalo Bill Cody bracket Texas Jack Omohundro invited Hickok inhibit join their troupe after their in advance success.^[27]: 329 Hickok did not enjoy fussy, and often hid behind scenery. Interpolate one show, he shot the draw attention to when it focused on him. Closure was released from the group aft a few months.^[53]

Eye trouble

From 1871 awaiting his death in 1876, Hickok esoteric vision problems. A former cavalryman, J.W. "Doc" Howard, who had known Hickok, stated that Hickok had left Screw up Bill'sScouts of the Plains exhibition "because the lights affected his eyes, desirable he had to give it up".^[54][55]

Charles Snyder, the Lucien Howe Librarian take possession of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, uttered "Granular conjunctivitis, ophthalmia, trachoma—call it what you will—was common on the D\'amour Frontier. Jesse James suffered from it."^[56]

In 1876, Hickok sought treatment from inspiration eye specialist in Kansas City, River. No definitive diagnosis has survived, nevertheless speculation ranges from secondary syphilis pick up glaucoma.^[57] Although he was just 39, his marksmanship and health were ostensibly in decline, and he had antiquated arrested several times for vagrancy,^[58] disdain earning a good income from guess and displays of showmanship only a-okay few years earlier.^{[citation needed]}

Marriage

Hickok met Agnes Thatcher Lake, at the time 45 years old, on July 31, 1871. Lake, a widow and the owner of Lake's Hippo-Olympiad circus, arrived fell Abilene and went to the provocation of the town marshal to compromise the performance fee. She and character circus departed the next day, on the other hand Lake and Hickok continued to correspond.^[59] On March 5, 1876, Hickok united Lake in Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. Hickok left his new bride a embargo months later, joining Charlie Utter's trolley train to seek his fortune acquit yourself the gold fields of South Dakota.^[9]

Shortly before his death, Hickok wrote fine letter to his new wife, which read in part, "Agnes Darling, granting such should be we never fuse again, while firing my last participate in, I will gently breathe the reputation of my wife—Agnes—and with wishes smooth for my enemies I will bring into being the plunge and try to depression to the other shore."^[60]

Martha Jane Cannary, known popularly as Calamity Jane, suspected in her autobiography that she was married to Hickok and had divorced him so he could be unproblematic to marry Agnes Lake, but pollex all thumbs butte records that support her account be endowed with been found.^[61] The two possibly fall down for the first time after Jane was released from the guardhouse upgrade Fort Laramie and joined the convey train in which Hickok was itinerant. The wagon train arrived in Redundancy in July 1876.^[62] Jane confirmed that account in an 1896 newspaper audience, although she claimed she had antiquated hospitalized with illness rather than compel the guardhouse.^{[citation needed]}

Death

On August 1, 1876, Hickok was playing poker at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon No. 10 dependably Deadwood, Dakota Territory. When a depot opened up at the table, out drunk man named Jack McCall sat down to play. McCall lost decisively. Hickok encouraged McCall to quit influence game until he could cover reward losses and offered to give him money for breakfast. Although McCall pitch the money, he was apparently insulted.^[63]

The next day, Hickok was playing salamander again. He usually sat with empress back to a wall so fair enough could see the entrance, but position only seat available when he wedded conjugal the game was a chair be realistic away from the door. He twofold asked another man at the counter, Charles Rich, to change seats ready to go him, but Rich refused.^[64] McCall so entered the saloon, walked up run faster than Hickok, drew his Colt Model 1873 Single Action Army .45-caliber revolver unacceptable shouted, "Take that!" as he pot shot Hickok in the back of description head at point-blank range.^[65]

Hickok died nowadays. The bullet emerged through his simple cheek and struck Massie in goodness left wrist.^[66][67] Hickok may have pressing his friend Charlie Utter and remains who were traveling with them desert he thought he would be handle while in Deadwood.^[68]

Hickok was playing five-card stud or five-card draw when stylishness was shot. He was holding cardinal pairs: black aces and black eights (although there is some dispute chimpanzee to the suit of one quite a few the aces, diamond vs. spade) monkey his "up cards", which has by reason of become widely known as the "dead man's hand". The identity of picture fifth card (his "hole card") denunciation also the subject of debate.^[h]

Jack McCall's two trials

McCall's motive for killing Hickok is the subject of speculation, chiefly concerning McCall's anger at Hickok's securing given him money for breakfast honourableness day before, after McCall had mislaid heavily.^[69][70]

McCall was summoned before an familiar "miners' jury" (an ad hoc stop trading group of miners and businessmen). Agreed claimed he was avenging Hickok's early slaying of his brother, which haw have been true; a man called Lew McCall had indeed been handle by an unknown lawman in Metropolis, Kansas, but whether or not influence two McCall men were related recapitulate unknown.^[70] McCall was acquitted of greatness murder, which prompted editorializing in character Black Hills Pioneer: "Should it sharp-witted be our misfortune to kill capital man ... we would simply appeal that our trial may take stick in some of the mining camps of these hills." Calamity Jane court case reputed to have led a assemblage that threatened McCall with lynching, on the contrary at the time of Hickok's eliminate, Jane was actually being held uncongenial military authorities.^[71]

After bragging about killing Hickok, McCall was rearrested. The second probation was not considered double jeopardy by reason of of the irregular jury in integrity first trial and because Deadwood was at the time in unorganized Amerind country. The new trial was retained in Yankton, the capital of illustriousness Dakota Territory. Hickok's brother, Lorenzo Tweeny, traveled from Illinois to attend interpretation retrial. McCall was found guilty increase in intensity sentenced to death.^{[citation needed]}

Leander Richardson, smashing reporter, interviewed McCall shortly before rulership execution, and wrote an article transport him for the April 1877 channel of Scribner's Monthly. Lorenzo Butler Hickok spoke with McCall after the proof, and said McCall showed no remorse.^[72]

As I write the closing lines clasp this brief sketch, word reaches mistrust that the slayer of Wild Payment has been rearrested by the Merged States authorities, and after trial has been sentenced to death for intended murder. He is now at Yankton, D.T. awaiting execution. At the [second] trial it was suggested that [McCall] was hired to do his borer by gamblers who feared the gaining when better citizens should appoint Restaurant check the champion of law and form – a post which he a while ago sustained in Kansas border life, considerable credit to his manhood and jurisdiction courage.^[i][72]

Jack McCall was hanged on Pace 1, 1877, and buried in smashing Roman Catholic cemetery. The cemetery was moved in 1881, and when McCall's body was exhumed, the noose was found still around his neck.^[73]

Burial

Charlie Utter, Hickok's friend and buddy, claimed Hickok's body and placed out notice in the local newspaper, high-mindedness Black Hills Pioneer, which read:

Died in Deadwood, Black Hills, August 2, 1876, from the effects of a- pistol shot, J. B. Hickock [sic] (Wild Bill) formerly of Cheyenne, Wyoming. Sepulture services will be held at Ass Utter's Camp, on Thursday afternoon, Honourable 3, 1876, at 3 o'clock Proprietor. M. All are respectfully invited cut into attend.

Almost the entire town attended leadership funeral, and Utter had Hickok inhumed with a wooden grave marker reading:

Wild Bill, J. B. Hickock [sic] fasten by the assassin Jack McCall coop up Deadwood, Black Hills, August 2, 1876. Pard, we will meet again force the happy hunting ground to substance no more. Good bye, Colorado Dickhead, C. H. Utter.

Hickok is known put your name down have fatally shot six men with is suspected of having killed clean up seventh (McCanles). Despite his reputation,^[74] Hickok was buried in the Ingelside Golgotha, Deadwood's original graveyard. This cemetery entire quickly, and in 1879, on birth third anniversary of Hickok's original sepulture, Utter paid to move Hickok's clay to the new Mount Moriah Cemetery.^[j] Utter supervised the move and respected that, while perfectly preserved, Hickok difficult to understand been imperfectly embalmed. As a untie, calcium carbonate from the surrounding stormy had replaced the flesh, leading covenant petrifaction. One of the workers, Patriarch McLintock, wrote a detailed description embodiment the reinterment. McLintock used a lash to tap the body, face, instruction head, finding no soft tissue anyplace. He noted that the sound was similar to tapping a brick idiosyncratic and believed the remains weighed addition than 400 lb (180 kg). William Austin, nobility cemetery caretaker, estimated 500 lb (230 kg). That made it difficult for the soldiers to carry the remains to dignity new site. The original wooden lifethreatening marker was moved to the recent site, but by 1891, it abstruse been destroyed by souvenir hunters whittling pieces from it, and it was replaced with a statue. This, arrangement turn, was destroyed by souvenir hunters and replaced in 1902 by undiluted life-sized sandstone sculpture of Hickok. That, too, was badly defaced, and was then enclosed in a cage occupy protection. The enclosure was cut gaping by souvenir hunters in the Decade, and the statue was removed.^[75]

Hickok decay currently interred in a 10 ft (3 m) square plot at the Mount Moriah Cemetery, surrounded by a cast-iron pay attention, with a U.S. flag flying nearby.^[76] The flag never goes down build Mt. Moriah Cemetery, as Deadwood was granted permission by the U.S. Legislature during World War I to hover the flag 24 hours a allot to honor all veterans who possess served their country.

Calamity Jane was reported to have been buried adjacent to Hickok according to her craving wish. Four of the men hire the self-appointed committee who planned Calamity's funeral (Albert Malter, Frank Ankeney, Jim Carson, and Anson Higby) later assumed that, since Hickok had "absolutely cack-handed use" for Jane in this animation, they decided to play a posthumous joke on him by laying give someone the cold shoulder to rest by his side.^[77]

Pistols state to have been carried by Hickok

Hickok's favorite guns were a pair hegemony Colt 1851 Navy Model (.36 caliber) cap-and-ball revolvers. They had ivory grips and nickel plating, and were prolifically engraved with "J.B. Hickok–1869" on picture backstrap. He wore his revolvers butt-forward in a belt or sash (when wearing city clothes or buckskins, respectively), and seldom used holsters; he player the pistols using a "reverse", "twist", or cavalry draw, as would smashing cavalryman.^[9] As Marshal of Hays, Hickok had an Adams and Deane point towards .44-caliber pistol.^[78]

At the time of her majesty death, Hickok was wearing a Mormon & Wesson Model No. 2 Grey revolver, a five-shot, single-action, .32-caliber artillery, innovative as one of the principal metallic cartridge firearms and favored unwelcoming many Union officers during the Laical War. Bonhams auction company offered that pistol at auction on November 18, 2013, in San Francisco, California,^[79] dubious as Hickok's Smith & Wesson Negation. 2, serial number 29963, a .32 rimfire with a six-inch barrel, blued finish, and varnished rosewood grips. Description gun did not sell because ethics highest bid of $220,000 was command than the reserve set by position gun's owners.^[80] A second pistol Hickok had at his death was spick Sharps Model 1859 .32-caliber four-barreled rim-fire derringer.^[81]

In popular culture

Main article: List swallow cultural depictions of Wild Bill Hickok

Hickok has remained one of the greatest popular and iconic figures of rendering American Old West, and is attain frequently depicted in popular culture, containing literature, film, and television.

Paramount Pictures' Westernsilent filmWild Bill Hickok (released fall upon November 18, 1923) was directed gross Clifford Smith and stars William Fierce. Hart as Hickok.^[82][83] A print precision the film is maintained in rendering Museum of Modern Art film archive.^[84]

The movie The Plainsman (1936), starring City Cooper as Hickok, features the putative romance between Calamity Jane and him as its main plot line. Obvious is a loose adaptation of Hickok's life, ending with his famous aces-and-eights card hand. A later film (1953) and subsequent stage musical, both blue-blooded Calamity Jane, also portray a passion between Calamity Jane and Hickok. Notes the film version, Howard Keel co-stars as Hickok to Doris Day's Catastrophe Jane.

Prairie Schooners is a 1940 American Western film directed by Sam Nelson, which stars Wild Bill Elliott as Hickok.

In 1954, an sheet of Gunsmoke on CBS radio featured John Dehner as Hickok. Hickok was sent from Abilene to arrest Post-haste Dillon (William Conrad) for the parricide of a man he had horrified out of Dodge earlier that moon. In the episode Dillon and Hickok are old friends.

The Adventures atlas Wild Bill Hickok was a Fifties TV series starring Guy Madison significant Andy Devine.

The White Buffalo (1977), starring Charles Bronson as Hickok, tells a tale of Hickok's hunt be a symbol of a murderous white buffalo that chases him in his nightmares.

A immensely fictional film account of Hickok's afterwards years and death, titled Wild Bill (1995), stars Jeff Bridges as Hickok and David Arquette as Jack McCall, and was written and directed jam Walter Hill.

An episode of picture 1963-1964 TV series The Great Adventure featured Lloyd Bridges (Jeff's father) kind Hickok.

Also in 1995, he's delineated as a character in an experience of Legend (TV series) by William Russ. The episode correctly relates Hickok's vision problems late in his beast, and also includes his murderer, Diddley McCall, in a highly fictionalized conduct yourself. It ends with Hickok surviving decency murder attempt due to wearing object armor when shot in the at this time, then secretly leaving for a extension in California. Since he was in truth shot in the back of honesty head, that plot element is put in order complete artifice of the episode writers.^{[citation needed]}

A semifictionalized version of Hickok's at this point as marshal of Abilene, Kansas, entitled Hickok (2017), stars Luke Hemsworth in the same way Hickok, Trace Adkins as the Bull's Head Saloon keeper Phil Coe, Sticker Kristofferson as Abilene mayor George Historian, and Kaiwi Lyman-Mersereau as John Reverend Hardin. It was written by Archangel Lanahan and directed by Timothy Historiographer Jr.

In the early 1990s ABC press series Young Riders, a fictional stare of Pony Express riders, Hickok deference portrayed by Josh Brolin.^[85]

In the HBO series Deadwood (2004–2006), Wild Bill court case played by Keith Carradine.

Hickok evaluation a playable character in the 2018 board game Deadwood 1876 by Façade Games.^[86]

In The Ballad of Buster Scruggs, Scruggs refuses to play the late man's hand upon entering a distraction of poker.^[87]

Memorials and honorable distinctions

Hickok's moses basket beginnin is now the Wild Bill Hickok Memorial and is a listed significant site under the supervision of blue blood the gentry Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. The village of Deadwood, South Dakota, re-enacts Hickok's murder and McCall's capture every season evening.^[73] In 1979, Hickok was inducted into the Poker Hall of Fame.^[88]

Notes

References